Indirect Speech: Commands, Statements and Questions

Indirect Speech: Commands, Statements and Questions

Indirect Speech को Reported Speech भी कहा जाता है। जब हम किसी व्यक्ति के कहे हुए शब्दों को अपने शब्दों में बताते हैं, तो उसे Indirect Speech कहते हैं।

इस chapter में हम मुख्य रूप से तीन प्रकार के sentences को Direct से Indirect Speech में बदलना सीखेंगे:

1. Statements / Assertive Sentences
2. Commands / Imperative Sentences
3. Questions / Interrogative Sentences

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1. Direct Speech और Indirect Speech क्या हैं?

Direct Speech

जब किसी व्यक्ति के exact words quotation marks “ ” के अंदर लिखे जाते हैं, तो उसे Direct Speech कहते हैं।

Example:

Ravi said, “I am tired.”

Indirect Speech

जब Ravi की बात को अपने शब्दों में बताया जाए, तो उसे Indirect Speech कहते हैं।

Example:

Ravi said that he was tired.

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2. Direct से Indirect Speech बनाते समय क्या बदलता है?

हर sentence में सभी चीजें नहीं बदलतीं। लेकिन सामान्यतः निम्न बातें check करनी होती हैं:

• Reporting Verb
• Reporting Speech
• Pronoun
• Tense
• Time/Place Expressions
• Connecting Word
• Sentence Structure

3. सबसे पहले Reporting Verb और Reported Speech पहचानें

Example:

He said, “I am ready.”

• Reporting Verb: said
• Reported Speech: “I am ready.”

Reporting Verb वह हिस्सा है जो बताता है कि किसने कुछ कहा।

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PART A: STATEMENTS / ASSERTIVE SENTENCES

4. Statement क्या होता है?

जो sentence कोई statement, information, opinion या fact बताता है, उसे Assertive Sentence कहते हैं।

Examples:

• I am happy.
• She is a teacher.
• They live in Patna.
• He does not like tea.

5. Statement को Indirect Speech में बदलने का Basic Rule

Example:

Direct: He said, “I am busy.”

Indirect: He said that he was busy.

6. “Said” और “Told” का प्रयोग

Word	Use	Example
said	Object के बिना भी प्रयोग हो सकता है	He said that he was ready.
told	इसके बाद Object आवश्यक होता है	He told me that he was ready.

7. Statements में “that” का प्रयोग

Assertive Sentence को Indirect Speech में बदलते समय सामान्यतः that लगाया जाता है।

• She said, “I am ill.”
• She said that she was ill.

• Ram said, “I have a pen.”
• Ram said that he had a pen.

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8. Pronoun Change का Rule

Pronoun बदलते समय एक बहुत useful rule याद रखें:

Example 1: First Person

Ram said, “I am ready.”

Ram said that he was ready.

यहाँ I बोलने वाला Ram है, इसलिए I → he।

Example 2: Second Person

Ram said to me, “You are late.”

Ram told me that I was late.

यहाँ you “me” के लिए बोला गया है, इसलिए you → I।

Example 3: Third Person

Ram said, “She is my sister.”

Ram said that she was his sister.

She third person है, इसलिए सामान्यतः वही रहती है।

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9. Tense Change का Basic Rule

यदि Reporting Verb Past Tense में हो, जैसे said, told, तो Reported Speech का tense सामान्यतः एक step पीछे चला जाता है।

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Present Simple	Past Simple
Present Continuous	Past Continuous
Present Perfect	Past Perfect
Past Simple	Past Perfect
will	would
can	could
may	might

10. Present Simple → Past Simple

Direct: He said, “I play cricket.”

Indirect: He said that he played cricket.

Direct: Sita said, “I live in Delhi.”

Indirect: Sita said that she lived in Delhi.

11. Present Continuous → Past Continuous

Direct: She said, “I am reading.”

Indirect: She said that she was reading.

Direct: They said, “We are playing.”

Indirect: They said that they were playing.

12. Present Perfect → Past Perfect

Direct: He said, “I have finished my work.”

Indirect: He said that he had finished his work.

Direct: She said, “I have completed the task.”

Indirect: She said that she had completed the task.

13. Past Simple → Past Perfect

Direct: Ram said, “I went to Patna.”

Indirect: Ram said that he had gone to Patna.

14. will → would

Direct: He said, “I will help you.”

Indirect: He said that he would help me.

15. can → could

Direct: She said, “I can swim.”

Indirect: She said that she could swim.

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16. Universal Truth में Tense नहीं बदलता

यदि Reported Speech कोई Universal Truth (सार्वभौमिक सत्य), scientific fact या permanent truth बताती है, तो tense सामान्यतः नहीं बदलता।

Direct: The teacher said, “The Earth moves round the Sun.”

Indirect: The teacher said that the Earth moves round the Sun.

Direct: The teacher said, “Water boils at 100°C.”

Indirect: The teacher said that water boils at 100°C.

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17. Time और Place Words में Change

Direct	Indirect
now	then
today	that day
yesterday	the previous day / the day before
tomorrow	the next day / the following day
last night	the previous night
next week	the following week
here	there
this	that
these	those

Example:

He said, “I will come tomorrow.”

He said that he would come the next day.

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PART B: COMMANDS / IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

18. Command या Imperative Sentence क्या है?

जो sentence किसी को आदेश (command), request (अनुरोध), advice (सलाह), suggestion, instruction या prohibition देता है, उसे Imperative Sentence कहते हैं।

Examples:

• Open the door.
• Please help me.
• Work hard.
• Do not waste time.

19. Imperative Sentence का सबसे Important Rule

Imperative Sentence को Indirect Speech में बदलते समय सामान्यतः:

Example:

Direct: The teacher said to the boys, “Work hard.”

Indirect: The teacher advised the boys to work hard.

20. “Said to” हमेशा “Told” नहीं बनता

Imperative Sentences में sentence के meaning के अनुसार Reporting Verb बदलती है।

Meaning	Possible Reporting Verb
Order	ordered / commanded
Request	requested
Advice	advised
Suggestion	suggested
Instruction	instructed
Prohibition	forbade

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21. Commands / Orders

Direct: The officer said to the soldier, “Stand up.”

Indirect: The officer ordered the soldier to stand up.

Direct: Father said to me, “Go to bed.”

Indirect: Father told me to go to bed.

Direct: The teacher said to the students, “Sit down.”

Indirect: The teacher ordered the students to sit down.

22. Requests

यदि sentence में request का भाव हो या please का प्रयोग हो, तो Reporting Verb सामान्यतः requested हो सकती है।

Direct: He said to me, “Please help me.”

Indirect: He requested me to help him.

Direct: She said to her friend, “Please wait for me.”

Indirect: She requested her friend to wait for her.

23. Advice

Direct: The teacher said to the students, “Work hard.”

Indirect: The teacher advised the students to work hard.

Direct: The doctor said to him, “Take rest.”

Indirect: The doctor advised him to take rest.

24. Negative Commands

Negative Imperative में:

Direct: Father said to me, “Do not waste time.”

Indirect: Father advised me not to waste time.

Direct: The teacher said to the boys, “Do not make a noise.”

Indirect: The teacher ordered the boys not to make a noise.

25. “Please” वाले Sentences

Indirect Speech में सामान्यतः please हट जाता है और meaning के अनुसार requested आदि आता है।

Direct: He said to me, “Please lend me your pen.”

Indirect: He requested me to lend him my pen.

Direct: Mother said to me, “Please bring some water.”

Indirect: Mother requested me to bring some water.

26. Let us वाले Sentences

“Let us” सामान्यतः suggestion को express करता है।

Direct: He said, “Let us go for a walk.”

Indirect: He suggested that they should go for a walk.

Direct: The teacher said, “Let us start the lesson.”

Indirect: The teacher suggested that they should start the lesson.

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PART C: QUESTIONS / INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

27. Interrogative Sentence क्या होता है?

जो sentence question पूछता है, उसे Interrogative Sentence कहते हैं।

Examples:

• Are you happy?
• Do you play cricket?
• Where do you live?
• Why are you late?

28. Questions का सबसे Important Rule

Question को Indirect Speech में बदलते समय:

• Question mark हट जाता है।
• Sentence statement order में बदल जाता है।
• Reporting Verb सामान्यतः asked, inquired आदि होती है।

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29. Yes/No Questions

जिन questions का answer Yes या No में दिया जा सकता है, उनमें if या whether का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Example 1

Direct: He said to me, “Are you ready?”

Indirect: He asked me if I was ready.

Example 2

Direct: She said to him, “Do you know me?”

Indirect: She asked him if he knew her.

Example 3

Direct: The teacher said to the boy, “Have you completed your work?”

Indirect: The teacher asked the boy if he had completed his work.

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30. WH-Questions

जब question What, Why, Where, When, Who, Which, Whose, How आदि से शुरू हो, तो वही Question Word Indirect Speech में connector के रूप में रहता है।

Where

Direct: He said to me, “Where do you live?”

Indirect: He asked me where I lived.

Why

Direct: The teacher said to him, “Why are you late?”

Indirect: The teacher asked him why he was late.

What

Direct: Mother said to me, “What are you doing?”

Indirect: Mother asked me what I was doing.

When

Direct: She said to him, “When will you come?”

Indirect: She asked him when he would come.

How

Direct: He said to me, “How did you solve the problem?”

Indirect: He asked me how I had solved the problem.

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31. Question Order को Statement Order में क्यों बदलते हैं?

यह बहुत important है। Direct Question में Helping Verb अक्सर Subject से पहले आती है। लेकिन Indirect Speech में sentence statement की तरह लिखा जाता है।

Direct Question	Indirect Structure
Where do you live?	where I lived
Why are you sad?	why I was sad
When will he come?	when he would come
Have you finished?	if I had finished

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32. Do / Does / Did वाले Questions

Direct Question में do/does/did हो सकता है, लेकिन Indirect Speech में sentence के tense के अनुसार main verb बदलती है और Question Order समाप्त हो जाता है।

Example 1

Direct: He said to me, “Do you play cricket?”

Indirect: He asked me if I played cricket.

Example 2

Direct: She said to him, “Does Ram live here?”

Indirect: She asked him if Ram lived there.

Example 3

Direct: The teacher said, “Did you complete the work?”

Indirect: The teacher asked if I had completed the work.

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33. Questions में Common Mistakes

Wrong	Correct
He asked me where did I live.	He asked me where I lived.
She asked me if was I ready.	She asked me if I was ready.
He asked that where I lived.	He asked where I lived.
She asked me did I know him.	She asked me if I knew him.
He told me where I lived.	He asked me where I lived.

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34. Quick Formula Chart

Sentence Type	Indirect Speech Formula
Statement	said/told + that + Subject + Verb
Command	ordered/told + Object + to + V1
Negative Command	ordered/advised + Object + not to + V1
Request	requested + Object + to + V1
Advice	advised + Object + to + V1
Yes/No Question	asked + Object + if/whether + Subject + Verb
WH-Question	asked + Object + WH-word + Subject + Verb
Let us	suggested that + Subject + should + V1

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35. Practice Set A – Statements

Change the following into Indirect Speech:

1. He said, “I am happy.”
2. She said, “I live in Patna.”
3. Ram said, “I have finished my work.”
4. They said, “We are playing cricket.”
5. He said, “I will help you.”
6. She said, “I can solve this problem.”
7. Ravi said to me, “You are my friend.”
8. I said to him, “You are late.”
9. She said, “I went to school yesterday.”
10. The teacher said, “The Sun rises in the east.”

Answers – Practice Set A

1. He said that he was happy.
2. She said that she lived in Patna.
3. Ram said that he had finished his work.
4. They said that they were playing cricket.
5. He said that he would help me.
6. She said that she could solve that problem.
7. Ravi told me that I was his friend.
8. I told him that he was late.
9. She said that she had gone to school the previous day.
10. The teacher said that the Sun rises in the east.

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36. Practice Set B – Commands and Requests

Change the following into Indirect Speech:

1. The teacher said to the students, “Work hard.”
2. Father said to me, “Go to bed.”
3. Mother said to me, “Do not waste food.”
4. He said to me, “Please help me.”
5. The doctor said to the patient, “Take rest.”
6. The officer said to the soldiers, “March forward.”
7. The teacher said to the boys, “Do not make a noise.”
8. She said to her friend, “Please wait for me.”
9. Father said to me, “Always speak the truth.”
10. The teacher said, “Let us start the lesson.”

Answers – Practice Set B

1. The teacher advised the students to work hard.
2. Father told me to go to bed.
3. Mother advised me not to waste food.
4. He requested me to help him.
5. The doctor advised the patient to take rest.
6. The officer ordered the soldiers to march forward.
7. The teacher ordered the boys not to make a noise.
8. She requested her friend to wait for her.
9. Father advised me always to speak the truth.
10. The teacher suggested that they should start the lesson.

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37. Practice Set C – Yes/No Questions

Change the following into Indirect Speech:

1. He said to me, “Are you ready?”
2. She said to him, “Do you know me?”
3. The teacher said to the boy, “Have you completed your work?”
4. Mother said to me, “Did you eat your food?”
5. He said to her, “Will you come tomorrow?”
6. She said to me, “Can you swim?”
7. The teacher said, “Are the students present?”
8. Father said to me, “Do you need money?”
9. He said to me, “Were you at home yesterday?”
10. She said to him, “May I help you?”

Answers – Practice Set C

1. He asked me if I was ready.
2. She asked him if he knew her.
3. The teacher asked the boy if he had completed his work.
4. Mother asked me if I had eaten my food.
5. He asked her if she would come the next day.
6. She asked me if I could swim.
7. The teacher asked if the students were present.
8. Father asked me if I needed money.
9. He asked me if I had been at home the previous day.
10. She asked him whether she might help him.

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38. Practice Set D – WH-Questions

Change the following into Indirect Speech:

1. He said to me, “Where do you live?”
2. The teacher said to him, “Why are you late?”
3. Mother said to me, “What are you doing?”
4. She said to him, “When will you come?”
5. He said to me, “How did you solve the problem?”
6. Father said to me, “Where were you yesterday?”
7. The teacher said to the boy, “Who is your best friend?”
8. She said to me, “Which book do you want?”
9. He said to her, “Why did you leave early?”
10. Mother said to me, “When did you return home?”
11. The teacher said, “How can we improve our English?”
12. He said to me, “What will you do tomorrow?”

Answers – Practice Set D

1. He asked me where I lived.
2. The teacher asked him why he was late.
3. Mother asked me what I was doing.
4. She asked him when he would come.
5. He asked me how I had solved the problem.
6. Father asked me where I had been the previous day.
7. The teacher asked the boy who his best friend was.
8. She asked me which book I wanted.
9. He asked her why she had left early.
10. Mother asked me when I had returned home.
11. The teacher asked how they could improve their English.
12. He asked me what I would do the next day.

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39. Practice Set E – Mixed Board-Level Questions

Change the following into Indirect Speech:

1. Ram said, “I am reading a book.”
2. Sita said to me, “You are very kind.”
3. The teacher said, “Honesty is the best policy.”
4. Father said to me, “Do your homework.”
5. Mother said to me, “Do not play in the rain.”
6. He said to me, “Please close the door.”
7. The doctor said to the patient, “Do not eat junk food.”
8. She said to him, “Are you busy?”
9. He said to me, “Do you like music?”
10. The teacher said to the student, “Why are you absent?”
11. Mother said to me, “Where have you kept the keys?”
12. He said, “Let us help the poor.”
13. She said, “I will visit Delhi tomorrow.”
14. Father said to me, “Can you complete this work?”
15. The teacher said to the boys, “Who broke the window?”

Answers – Practice Set E

1. Ram said that he was reading a book.
2. Sita told me that I was very kind.
3. The teacher said that honesty is the best policy.
4. Father told me to do my homework.
5. Mother advised me not to play in the rain.
6. He requested me to close the door.
7. The doctor advised the patient not to eat junk food.
8. She asked him if he was busy.
9. He asked me if I liked music.
10. The teacher asked the student why he was absent.
11. Mother asked me where I had kept the keys.
12. He suggested that they should help the poor.
13. She said that she would visit Delhi the next day.
14. Father asked me if I could complete that work.
15. The teacher asked the boys who had broken the window.

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40. Find the Error and Correct It

1. He said that I am happy.
2. She told that she was ill.
3. He asked me where did I live.
4. She asked me if was I ready.
5. Father told me to went home.
6. The teacher advised the students to worked hard.
7. Mother advised me to not waste food.
8. He requested me that I should help him.
9. The teacher said that the Earth moved round the Sun.
10. He asked me that where I lived.

Correct Answers

1. He said that I was happy.
2. She said that she was ill.
3. He asked me where I lived.
4. She asked me if I was ready.
5. Father told me to go home.
6. The teacher advised the students to work hard.
7. Mother advised me not to waste food.
8. He requested me to help him.
9. The teacher said that the Earth moves round the Sun.
10. He asked me where I lived.

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41. Exam Strategy: कैसे सोचें?

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42. Final Quick Revision

Direct Sentence	Important Change
Statement	that + statement
Yes/No Question	if/whether + statement order
WH-Question	WH-word + statement order
Command	to + V1
Negative Command	not to + V1
Request	requested + object + to + V1
Advice	advised + object + to + V1
Order	ordered + object + to + V1
Let us	suggested that + subject + should + V1