Prepositions

Prepositions

Preposition English Grammar का एक बहुत important topic है। इसका काम किसी noun या pronoun का संबंध (relationship) sentence के दूसरे शब्दों से बताना होता है।

Preposition = Relationship बताने वाला word

1. Preposition क्या है?

ऐसा word जो noun या pronoun के पहले आकर उसका संबंध sentence के किसी दूसरे word से बताता है, उसे Preposition कहते हैं।

Examples:

• The book is on the table.
• Ravi is sitting under the tree.
• She lives in Patna.
• He came from Delhi.
• I will meet you at 5 o'clock.

2. Prepositions के मुख्य प्रकार

Type	Use	Examples
Place	स्थान बताने के लिए	in, on, under, behind, near
Time	समय बताने के लिए	at, on, in, since, for
Direction	दिशा बताने के लिए	to, towards, into, from
Agent/Instrument	किसके द्वारा / किस साधन से	by, with
Relation	संबंध बताने के लिए	of, with, about

3. Prepositions of Place

IN

In का प्रयोग किसी enclosed place (बंद या सीमित स्थान), city, state, country या किसी बड़े क्षेत्र के लिए किया जाता है।

• He is in the room.
• She lives in Bihar.
• He lives in India.
• There is some water in the bottle.

ON

On का प्रयोग किसी surface (सतह) के ऊपर होने के लिए किया जाता है।

• The book is on the table.
• The picture is on the wall.
• There is a fan on the ceiling.

AT

At का प्रयोग किसी particular point या specific place के लिए किया जाता है।

• He is at the door.
• She is at school.
• I met him at the station.

UNDER

किसी वस्तु के नीचे होने के लिए under का प्रयोग होता है।

• The cat is under the table.
• The boy is sitting under a tree.

ABOVE

किसी चीज के ऊपर लेकिन सामान्यतः बिना direct contact के लिए above का प्रयोग होता है।

• The fan is above my head.
• The plane is flying above the clouds.

OVER

Over का अर्थ भी ऊपर होता है, लेकिन इसका प्रयोग किसी चीज के ठीक ऊपर या covering/movement के sense में भी होता है।

• The bridge is over the river.
• He put a blanket over the child.

BELOW

• The temperature is below zero.
• Write your name below the picture.

BEHIND

• The boy is standing behind the door.
• The sun disappeared behind the clouds.

IN FRONT OF

• The car is in front of the house.
• He is standing in front of me.

NEAR

• My house is near the school.
• There is a shop near my house.

BESIDE

Beside का अर्थ है के बगल में।

• She is sitting beside me.
• The hospital is beside the bank.

4. IN, ON और AT में अंतर

Preposition	Basic Idea	Example
In	अंदर / बड़ा क्षेत्र	in the room, in Bihar
On	सतह पर	on the table
At	विशिष्ट point/place	at the station

5. Prepositions of Time

AT

Exact time (निश्चित समय) के लिए at का प्रयोग होता है।

• He gets up at 6 a.m.
• The train arrives at 5 o'clock.
• We have lunch at noon.
• He works at night.

ON

Days और specific dates के लिए on का प्रयोग होता है।

• I will meet you on Monday.
• He was born on 2 January.
• The exam will start on Friday.

IN

Months, years, seasons और लंबे periods के लिए in का प्रयोग होता है।

• He was born in 1986.
• My birthday is in January.
• We go there in summer.
• I will finish the work in two days.

6. SINCE और FOR

SINCE

Since का प्रयोग किसी action के शुरू होने के exact point of time के लिए किया जाता है।

• I have lived here since 2015.
• She has been ill since Monday.
• He has been studying since morning.

FOR

For का प्रयोग duration (कितने समय से) बताने के लिए किया जाता है।

• I have lived here for ten years.
• She has been ill for two days.
• He has been working for three hours.

7. FROM और SINCE में अंतर

From किसी starting point को बताता है, जबकि since अक्सर किसी past point से अब तक की continuity के साथ आता है।

• The school will remain open from Monday.
• I have lived here since 2015.

8. Prepositions of Direction

TO

किसी स्थान या व्यक्ति की ओर जाने के लिए to का प्रयोग होता है।

• He went to school.
• She is going to Patna.
• Give this book to Ravi.

FROM

किसी स्थान या व्यक्ति से दूर आने/होने के लिए from का प्रयोग होता है।

• He came from Delhi.
• This letter is from my friend.

INTO

किसी जगह के अंदर movement के लिए into का प्रयोग होता है।

• He went into the room.
• The boy jumped into the river.

• He is in the room.
• He went into the room.

OUT OF

किसी स्थान से बाहर movement के लिए out of का प्रयोग होता है।

• He came out of the room.
• The boy jumped out of the car.

TOWARDS

किसी दिशा की ओर जाने के लिए towards का प्रयोग होता है।

• He walked towards the school.
• The child ran towards his mother.

9. BY और WITH

BY

By का प्रयोग किसी काम को करने वाले व्यक्ति (agent) या transport के साधन के लिए किया जा सकता है।

• The poem was written by William Wordsworth.
• The work was done by Ravi.
• I go to school by bus.
• He travelled by train.

WITH

With का प्रयोग किसी instrument (उपकरण) या किसी व्यक्ति के साथ होने के लिए होता है।

• He cut the apple with a knife.
• She writes with a pen.
• I went there with my friend.

10. BETWEEN और AMONG

BETWEEN

आमतौर पर दो persons/things के बीच के संबंध के लिए between का प्रयोग होता है।

• The teacher is sitting between Ravi and Mohan.
• There is a wall between the two houses.

AMONG

कई persons/things के बीच के लिए among का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

• He was sitting among his friends.
• She distributed the sweets among the children.

11. BESIDE और BESIDES

दोनों words दिखने में similar हैं लेकिन meaning अलग है।

Word	Meaning	Example
Beside	के बगल में	He sat beside me.
Besides	के अलावा	Besides English, he knows Hindi.

12. ABOUT

About का अर्थ किसी विषय के बारे में होता है।

• We talked about the examination.
• This book is about science.
• Tell me about your school.

13. OF

Of का प्रयोग possession (संबंध/अधिकार), part और relation दिखाने के लिए किया जाता है।

• The roof of the house is red.
• A cup of tea is on the table.
• He is a friend of mine.

14. FOR

For का प्रयोग purpose (उद्देश्य), benefit या duration के लिए किया जाता है।

• This gift is for you.
• He went there for work.
• I waited for two hours.

15. AGAINST

Against का प्रयोग किसी के विरोध में या किसी surface से लगकर होने के अर्थ में किया जाता है।

• They are against the new rule.
• The ladder is against the wall.

16. THROUGH और ACROSS

THROUGH

किसी enclosed space या अंदर से होकर जाने के लिए through का प्रयोग होता है।

• We walked through the forest.
• The train passed through the tunnel.

ACROSS

एक side से दूसरी side तक जाने के लिए across का प्रयोग होता है।

• He walked across the road.
• They swam across the river.

17. DURING और FOR

During किसी period/event के दौरान होने वाली घटना के लिए प्रयोग होता है।

• He slept during the class.
• It rained during the night.

For duration बताता है।

• He slept for two hours.
• It rained for three hours.

18. BEFORE और AFTER

• Wash your hands before dinner.
• We went home after the examination.
• Finish your homework before you play.
• He came after me.

19. Preposition + Pronoun

Subject Form	Object Form
I	me
he	him
she	her
we	us
they	them
you	you

Examples:

• This gift is for me.
• She went with him.
• He spoke to her.
• The teacher called us.
• They came with me.

20. कुछ Important Preposition Combinations

कुछ verbs/adjectives के साथ particular prepositions का प्रयोग होता है। इन्हें याद करना exam के लिए बहुत useful है।

Word	Preposition	Example
good	at	He is good at English.
interested	in	She is interested in music.
afraid	of	He is afraid of dogs.
proud	of	We are proud of him.
angry	with	She is angry with me.
different	from	Your answer is different from mine.
famous	for	Patna is famous for its history.
depend	on	Success depends on hard work.
belong	to	This book belongs to me.
listen	to	Listen to your teacher.
look	at	Look at the board.
wait	for	Wait for me.
laugh	at	Do not laugh at others.
care	for	She cares for her parents.
consist	of	Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.

21. Verb + Preposition के कुछ और Important Examples

• agree with someone
• apologize to someone
• believe in something
• complain about something
• depend on something
• dream of something
• hear from someone
• hope for something
• look after someone
• look for something
• pay for something
• prepare for something
• search for something
• speak to someone
• think about something
• wait for someone

22. How to Solve Preposition Questions?

Example:

He is good ___ Mathematics.

यहाँ good के साथ fixed preposition at आता है।

Answer: He is good at Mathematics.

Another Example:

The book is ___ the table.

यहाँ book और table का relationship surface पर है। इसलिए on आएगा।

Answer: The book is on the table.

23. Common Errors

Wrong	Correct
He is good in English.	He is good at English.
She is married with Ravi.	She is married to Ravi.
He is afraid from dogs.	He is afraid of dogs.
Listen me.	Listen to me.
He entered into the room.	He entered the room.
Discuss about the problem.	Discuss the problem.
He is senior than me.	He is senior to me.
I prefer tea than coffee.	I prefer tea to coffee.

24. Fill in the Blanks – Practice Set 1

1. The book is ___ the table.
2. He lives ___ Bihar.
3. I will meet you ___ Monday.
4. She was born ___ 1986.
5. The train arrives ___ 7 o'clock.
6. He has been ill ___ Monday.
7. She has lived here ___ five years.
8. He went ___ school.
9. She came ___ Delhi.
10. The cat is ___ the table.
11. He is sitting ___ me.
12. She is good ___ English.
13. He is afraid ___ dogs.
14. Listen ___ your teacher.
15. This book belongs ___ Ravi.
16. He travelled ___ train.
17. She cut the fruit ___ a knife.
18. He walked ___ the road.
19. They walked ___ the tunnel.
20. He is interested ___ science.

Answers

1. on   2. in   3. on   4. in   5. at   6. since   7. for   8. to   9. from   10. under
11. beside   12. at   13. of   14. to   15. to
16. by   17. with   18. across   19. through   20. in

25. Fill in the Blanks – Practice Set 2

1. My father gets up ___ 5 a.m.
2. We celebrate Independence Day ___ 15 August.
3. He was born ___ January.
4. They have been waiting ___ two hours.
5. I have known him ___ 2010.
6. The boy jumped ___ the river.
7. He came ___ the room.
8. The teacher stood ___ the students.
9. The car is ___ the house.
10. The picture is ___ the wall.
11. He is sitting ___ his two friends.
12. She was sitting ___ her classmates.
13. He is proud ___ his son.
14. She is angry ___ me.
15. Success depends ___ hard work.
16. Do not laugh ___ the poor.
17. We talked ___ the examination.
18. He waited ___ me.
19. She is famous ___ her paintings.
20. This gift is ___ you.

Answers

1. at   2. on   3. in   4. for   5. since
6. into   7. out of   8. in front of   9. behind   10. on
11. between   12. among   13. of   14. with   15. on
16. at   17. about   18. for   19. for   20. for

26. Choose the Correct Preposition

1. He is good (at/in) Mathematics.
2. She is afraid (of/from) snakes.
3. I have lived here (since/for) 2018.
4. He has been waiting (since/for) two hours.
5. We will meet (at/on) Sunday.
6. He was born (in/on) 1986.
7. The book is (on/in) the table.
8. She went (to/at) school.
9. He came (from/to) Patna.
10. He cut the paper (by/with) a knife.
11. He travelled (with/by) bus.
12. The teacher stood (between/among) Ravi and Mohan.
13. She sat (beside/besides) me.
14. (Besides/Beside) Hindi, he knows English.
15. Listen (at/to) me.

Answers

1. at   2. of   3. since   4. for   5. on
6. in   7. on   8. to   9. from   10. with
11. by   12. between   13. beside   14. Besides   15. to

27. Error Correction Practice

नीचे दिए गए sentences में preposition से संबंधित error को पहचानकर correct करें।

1. He is good in English.
2. She is afraid from dogs.
3. Listen me carefully.
4. He is married with a doctor.
5. We discussed about the problem.
6. He is senior than me.
7. I prefer tea than coffee.
8. She entered into the room.
9. He depends of his parents.
10. She is interested on music.

Answers

• He is good at English.
• She is afraid of dogs.
• Listen to me carefully.
• He is married to a doctor.
• We discussed the problem.
• He is senior to me.
• I prefer tea to coffee.
• She entered the room.
• He depends on his parents.
• She is interested in music.

28. Board-Level Mixed Practice

1. He has been working here ___ 2020.
2. The children are playing ___ the garden.
3. My father comes home ___ 6 p.m.
4. She was born ___ 2 January.
5. The students are sitting ___ the classroom.
6. The dog is hiding ___ the bed.
7. He went ___ the market.
8. She came ___ her mother.
9. The teacher divided the sweets ___ the students.
10. The agreement was signed ___ the two countries.
11. He is proud ___ his achievement.
12. She is interested ___ literature.
13. He is angry ___ his brother.
14. Success depends ___ your effort.
15. He is famous ___ his honesty.
16. She waited ___ the bus.
17. He looked ___ the picture.
18. They walked ___ the forest.
19. He crossed ___ the road.
20. She wrote the letter ___ a pen.
21. The poem was written ___ the poet.
22. He has been absent ___ Monday.
23. We stayed there ___ three days.
24. The child ran ___ his mother.
25. The boy came ___ the classroom.

Answer Key

1. since   2. in   3. at   4. on   5. in
6. under   7. to   8. with   9. among   10. between
11. of   12. in   13. with   14. on   15. for
16. for   17. at   18. through   19. across   20. with
21. by   22. since   23. for   24. towards   25. out of

29. Very Important Prepositions for Board Exam

Expression	Correct Preposition
good ___	at
afraid ___	of
proud ___	of
interested ___	in
angry ___	with
famous ___	for
different ___	from
depend ___	on
belong ___	to
listen ___	to
look ___	at
wait ___	for
consist ___	of
married ___	to
prefer ___	to
senior ___	to
junior ___	to

30. Quick Revision

Situation	Preposition
Exact time	at
Day / Date	on
Month / Year / Season	in
Starting point of time	since
Duration	for
Surface	on
Inside / Area	in
Specific point	at
Movement to a place	to
Movement from a place	from
Inside movement	into
Outside movement	out of
Agent	by
Instrument	with
Two	between
Group	among
Inside path	through
One side to another	across

31. One-Line Revision

AT = exact time/point | ON = day/surface | IN = area/month/year | SINCE = starting point | FOR = duration | TO = direction | FROM = source | BY = agent/transport | WITH = instrument/company | BETWEEN = two | AMONG = group