Sentence Connectors

Sentence Connectors

Sentence Connectors वे words या phrases होते हैं जो दो words, phrases, clauses या sentences को आपस में जोड़ते हैं और उनके बीच का relationship (संबंध) बताते हैं।

Idea 1 + Connector + Idea 2 = Meaningful Connected Sentence

1. Why Do We Need Sentence Connectors?

देखिए:

He was ill. He went to school.

दोनों sentences अलग-अलग हैं। लेकिन इनके बीच एक relationship है। इसे connector से बेहतर तरीके से लिखा जा सकता है:

He was ill, but he went to school.

यहाँ but यह बताता है कि दोनों ideas में contrast (विरोध) है।

2. Main Types of Sentence Connectors

Relationship	Common Connectors	Hindi Meaning
Addition	and, also, moreover, besides	और, भी, इसके अलावा
Contrast	but, however, although, though, yet	लेकिन, हालांकि
Reason	because, since, as	क्योंकि, चूँकि
Result	so, therefore, thus, hence	इसलिए, अतः
Condition	if, unless, provided that	यदि, जब तक नहीं
Time	when, while, before, after, until	जब, जबकि, पहले, बाद, तक
Purpose	so that, in order that	ताकि
Choice	or, either...or, neither...nor	या, या तो...या, न तो...न
Example	for example, for instance	उदाहरण के लिए
Sequence	first, then, next, finally	पहले, फिर, अगला, अंततः

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PART A — ADDITION CONNECTORS

3. And

And का प्रयोग दो similar या related ideas को जोड़ने के लिए किया जाता है।

Idea 1 + and + Idea 2

Examples

• Ravi is intelligent and hardworking.
• She bought a pen and a notebook.
• He opened the door and entered the room.
• I went to the market and bought some vegetables.
• She sings and dances well.
• He worked hard and passed the examination.

4. Also

Also का अर्थ है “भी”। इसका प्रयोग additional information देने के लिए होता है।

• He is intelligent. He is also hardworking.
• She speaks English. She also speaks Hindi.
• The book is interesting. It is also useful.

5. Moreover / Furthermore

इनका प्रयोग किसी previous idea में एक और important point जोड़ने के लिए किया जाता है।

• He is poor. Moreover, he is honest.
• The school has a good library. Moreover, it has a large playground.
• The plan is expensive. Furthermore, it is difficult to implement.

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PART B — CONTRAST CONNECTORS

6. But

But का प्रयोग opposite या contrasting ideas को जोड़ने के लिए किया जाता है।

• He is poor, but he is honest.
• She is young, but she is very wise.
• I invited him, but he did not come.
• He is weak, but he is brave.

7. Although / Though

Although और though का अर्थ “हालांकि” होता है। इनके बाद एक complete clause आता है।

Although + Clause, Main Clause

• Although he is poor, he is honest.
• Although she was tired, she continued working.
• Though it was raining, we went outside.
• Although he worked hard, he failed.

8. However

However contrast दिखाता है। इसे अक्सर दूसरे sentence की शुरुआत में comma के साथ प्रयोग किया जाता है।

• He is poor. However, he is happy.
• She worked hard. However, she could not succeed.
• The road was difficult. However, we continued our journey.

9. Yet

Yet का अर्थ “फिर भी” या “लेकिन” हो सकता है।

• He is old, yet he is very active.
• It was raining, yet they continued playing.
• She is poor, yet she is generous.

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PART C — REASON CONNECTORS

10. Because

Because किसी action या situation का reason बताता है।

Main Idea + because + Reason

• I stayed at home because I was ill.
• He could not come because he was busy.
• She was happy because she passed the examination.
• We cancelled the match because it was raining.

11. Since / As

Since और as भी reason बताने के लिए प्रयोग किए जा सकते हैं।

• Since it was raining, we stayed at home.
• As he was ill, he could not attend school.
• Since you are tired, take some rest.
• As the road was blocked, we took another route.

12. Because और Because of में Difference

Because	Because of
Because + Subject + Verb	Because of + Noun / Pronoun / Gerund
We stayed home because it was raining.	We stayed home because of the rain.
He failed because he was careless.	He failed because of his carelessness.

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PART D — RESULT CONNECTORS

13. So

So का प्रयोग किसी कारण के परिणाम को बताने के लिए किया जाता है।

• He was ill, so he stayed at home.
• It was raining, so we cancelled the match.
• She worked hard, so she passed the examination.
• I was tired, so I went to bed early.

14. Therefore

Therefore का अर्थ “इसलिए/अतः” है। यह result या conclusion बताता है।

• He was ill. Therefore, he could not come to school.
• The road was blocked. Therefore, we took another route.
• She worked hard. Therefore, she succeeded.

15. Thus / Hence

• He worked hard; thus, he succeeded.
• The weather was bad; hence, the flight was cancelled.
• He did not study; hence, he failed.

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PART E — CONDITION CONNECTORS

16. If

If का प्रयोग condition (शर्त) बताने के लिए किया जाता है।

If + Condition, Result

• If you work hard, you will succeed.
• If it rains, we will stay at home.
• If you study regularly, you can get good marks.
• If he comes, I will meet him.

17. Unless

Unless का अर्थ है “if...not” यानी “जब तक नहीं”।

• You will fail unless you work hard.
• You cannot pass unless you study.
• We will not go unless he comes.

Meaning:

Unless you work hard = If you do not work hard

18. Provided that

इसका अर्थ है “इस शर्त पर कि”।

• You can go out provided that you finish your homework.
• We will play the match provided that the weather is good.

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PART F — TIME CONNECTORS

19. When

• Call me when you reach home.
• I was reading when he arrived.
• When the bell rang, the students left the classroom.

20. While

While का प्रयोग किसी समय के दौरान होने वाली action के लिए होता है।

• She was cooking while I was studying.
• He listened to music while he was working.
• While I was walking, I saw an old friend.

21. Before

• Wash your hands before you eat.
• He left before I arrived.
• Think carefully before you answer.

22. After

• We went home after the programme ended.
• He went to bed after he finished his work.
• After completing the work, he went home.

23. Until / Till

• Wait here until I return.
• He worked until the sun set.
• Do not leave until the teacher comes.

24. As Soon As

इसका अर्थ है “जैसे ही”।

• As soon as the teacher entered, the students became silent.
• Call me as soon as you reach home.
• As soon as he saw the police, he ran away.

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PART G — PURPOSE CONNECTORS

25. So That

So that का प्रयोग purpose (उद्देश्य) बताने के लिए किया जाता है।

• He works hard so that he can succeed.
• Speak loudly so that everyone can hear you.
• She saved money so that she could buy a new phone.

26. In Order That

• He worked hard in order that he might pass.
• She left early in order that she could catch the train.

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PART H — CHOICE CONNECTORS

27. Or

• Hurry up, or you will miss the bus.
• Study hard, or you may fail.
• Would you like tea or coffee?

28. Either...or

इसका अर्थ है “या तो...या”।

• Either Ravi or Amit will come.
• You can either stay here or go home.
• Either study hard or accept the result.

29. Neither...nor

इसका अर्थ है “न तो...न”।

• Neither Ravi nor Amit was present.
• He likes neither tea nor coffee.
• Neither the teacher nor the students were ready.

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PART I — EXAMPLES AND CONNECTOR REPLACEMENT

30. Join the Sentences Using a Suitable Connector

Q1. He is poor. He is honest.

Answer: He is poor, but he is honest.

Q2. He was ill. He did not go to school.

Answer: He did not go to school because he was ill.

Q3. He worked hard. He passed the examination.

Answer: He worked hard, so he passed the examination.

Q4. It was raining. We stayed at home.

Answer: We stayed at home because it was raining.

Q5. Work hard. You will succeed.

Answer: If you work hard, you will succeed.

Q6. He was tired. He continued working.

Answer: Although he was tired, he continued working.

Q7. Hurry up. You will miss the train.

Answer: Hurry up, or you will miss the train.

Q8. He finished his homework. Then he went outside.

Answer: He went outside after he finished his homework.

Q9. He wants to pass. He studies regularly.

Answer: He studies regularly so that he can pass.

Q10. The teacher entered. The students became silent.

Answer: When the teacher entered, the students became silent.

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PART J — IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES

31. Because vs So

Because	So
Reason बताता है।	Result बताता है।
He stayed home because he was ill.	He was ill, so he stayed home.

32. Although vs But

Although	But
Although he is poor, he is honest.	He is poor, but he is honest.
Although + clause	Clause + but + clause

33. If vs Unless

If	Unless
If you work hard, you will pass.	Unless you work hard, you will fail.
Positive condition को show कर सकता है।	Negative condition का sense देता है।

34. When vs While

When	While
किसी particular time/event को show कर सकता है।	किसी action के दौरान का समय दिखाता है।
When he arrived, I was sleeping.	While I was sleeping, he arrived.

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PART K — COMMON MISTAKES

35. Common Errors

Wrong	Correct
Although he is poor, but he is honest.	Although he is poor, he is honest.
Because he was ill, so he stayed home.	Because he was ill, he stayed home.
Unless you do not study, you will fail.	Unless you study, you will fail.
He failed because of he was careless.	He failed because he was careless.
He failed because his carelessness.	He failed because of his carelessness.
Either Ravi or Amit are coming.	Either Ravi or Amit is coming.

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PART L — LARGE PRACTICE SET

36. Practice Set A — Fill in the Blanks

सही connector चुनकर blanks भरें:

1. He is poor ________ he is honest. (but / because)
2. She was ill, ________ she did not attend school. (so / but)
3. I stayed at home ________ it was raining. (because / although)
4. ________ you work hard, you will succeed. (If / Unless)
5. ________ he was tired, he continued working. (Although / Because)
6. Hurry up, ________ you will miss the bus. (or / and)
7. Call me ________ you reach home. (when / because)
8. He went to bed ________ he finished his work. (after / although)
9. Wash your hands ________ you eat. (before / because)
10. He works hard ________ he can succeed. (so that / but)
11. ________ you study, you will not pass. (Unless / Although)
12. She speaks English and ________ Hindi. (also / because)
13. It was raining; ________, we continued the journey. (however / therefore)
14. He was ill; ________, he could not attend the meeting. (therefore / although)
15. ________ the teacher entered, the class became silent. (When / Unless)
16. He kept working ________ he was tired. (although / because)
17. We will wait ________ he comes. (until / so)
18. He studied hard ________ he could pass the exam. (so that / but)
19. Take an umbrella ________ it rains. (in case / but)
20. He is intelligent; ________, he is hardworking. (moreover / but)

37. Practice Set B — Join the Sentences

दिए गए sentences को bracket में दिए connector की सहायता से जोड़ें:

1. He is poor. He is honest. (but)
2. He was ill. He stayed at home. (because)
3. He worked hard. He passed. (so)
4. She was tired. She continued working. (although)
5. Study hard. You will pass. (if)
6. Hurry up. You will miss the bus. (or)
7. He finished his work. He went home. (after)
8. The bell rang. The students left. (when)
9. He saves money. He wants to buy a car. (so that)
10. You do not study. You will fail. (unless)
11. He was rich. He was unhappy. (but)
12. She was absent. She was ill. (because)
13. It was raining. We went outside. (although)
14. Finish your homework. Then play. (before)
15. He reached the station. The train had left. (when)

38. Practice Set C — Choose the Correct Connector

1. He is poor, ________ he is honest.
   (a) because   (b) but   (c) so   (d) therefore
2. She stayed at home ________ she was sick.
   (a) because   (b) but   (c) or   (d) although
3. He worked hard, ________ he succeeded.
   (a) but   (b) because   (c) so   (d) although
4. ________ it was raining, we went out.
   (a) Because   (b) Although   (c) So   (d) Therefore
5. ________ you study hard, you will pass.
   (a) If   (b) Unless   (c) But   (d) Although
6. Hurry up, ________ you will miss the train.
   (a) and   (b) or   (c) because   (d) although
7. Call me ________ you reach home.
   (a) when   (b) because   (c) but   (d) therefore
8. He went to bed ________ he finished his homework.
   (a) after   (b) because   (c) although   (d) but
9. He works hard ________ he can succeed.
   (a) but   (b) so that   (c) although   (d) or
10. ________ you study, you will fail.
    (a) If   (b) Unless   (c) But   (d) So
11. He is intelligent. ________, he is hardworking.
    (a) However   (b) Moreover   (c) Therefore   (d) Because
12. He was ill. ________, he could not come.
    (a) Therefore   (b) Although   (c) But   (d) And
13. ________ I was walking, I saw an old friend.
    (a) While   (b) Because   (c) Therefore   (d) Unless
14. Neither Ravi ________ Amit was present.
    (a) or   (b) and   (c) nor   (d) but
15. Either Ravi ________ Amit will come.
    (a) nor   (b) or   (c) but   (d) and

39. Practice Set D — Error Correction

नीचे दिए गए sentences में connector से संबंधित error को correct करें:

1. Although he is poor, but he is honest.
2. Because he was ill, so he did not come.
3. Unless you do not work hard, you will fail.
4. He failed because of he was careless.
5. He stayed home because of he was sick.
6. Either Ravi nor Amit will come.
7. Neither Ravi or Amit was present.
8. He was tired, therefore he continued working.
9. Although it was raining but we played.
10. He studied hard because he could pass the examination.

40. Practice Set E — Identify the Relationship

Bold connector किस relationship को show कर रहा है?

1. He is poor, but he is honest.
2. He was ill, so he stayed home.
3. She stayed home because she was sick.
4. If you study, you will pass.
5. Although he was tired, he worked.
6. Call me when you reach home.
7. He works hard so that he can succeed.
8. Hurry up, or you will miss the bus.
9. He is intelligent; moreover, he is hardworking.
10. After he finished work, he went home.

41. Practice Set F — Mixed Challenge

1. He was poor. He was happy. Join using “but”.
2. She was ill. She did not go to school. Join using “because”.
3. He worked hard. He passed the exam. Join using “therefore”.
4. He was tired. He continued working. Join using “although”.
5. You must hurry. Otherwise, you will miss the train. Join using “or”.
6. Study hard. You want to get good marks. Join using “so that”.
7. He does not work hard. He will fail. Join using “unless”.
8. The teacher entered. The students became silent. Join using “as soon as”.
9. He finished dinner. He went to bed. Join using “after”.
10. He was walking. He saw an accident. Join using “while”.
11. She is intelligent. She is hardworking too. Join using “moreover”.
12. Take an umbrella. It may rain. Join using “in case”.
13. He can take tea. He can take coffee. Use “either...or”.
14. Ravi does not like tea. Ravi does not like coffee. Use “neither...nor”.
15. Work hard. You will succeed. Use “if”.

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PART M — ANSWER KEY

42. Practice Set A Answers

No.	Answer
1	but
2	so
3	because
4	If
5	Although
6	or
7	when
8	after
9	before
10	so that
11	Unless
12	also
13	however
14	therefore
15	When
16	although
17	until
18	so that
19	in case
20	moreover

43. Practice Set B Answers

1. He is poor, but he is honest.
2. He stayed at home because he was ill.
3. He worked hard, so he passed.
4. Although she was tired, she continued working.
5. If you study hard, you will pass.
6. Hurry up, or you will miss the bus.
7. He went home after he finished his work.
8. When the bell rang, the students left.
9. He saves money so that he can buy a car.
10. Unless you study, you will fail.
11. He was rich, but he was unhappy.
12. She was absent because she was ill.
13. Although it was raining, we went outside.
14. Finish your homework before you play.
15. When he reached the station, the train had left.

44. Practice Set C Answers

Q.	Answer
1	b) but
2	a) because
3	c) so
4	b) Although
5	a) If
6	b) or
7	a) when
8	a) after
9	b) so that
10	b) Unless
11	b) Moreover
12	a) Therefore
13	a) While
14	c) nor
15	b) or

45. Practice Set D Answers

1. Although he is poor, he is honest.
2. Because he was ill, he did not come.
3. Unless you work hard, you will fail.
4. He failed because he was careless.
5. He stayed home because he was sick.
6. Either Ravi or Amit will come.
7. Neither Ravi nor Amit was present.
8. He was tired; however, he continued working.
9. Although it was raining, we played.
10. He studied hard so that he could pass the examination.

46. Practice Set E Answers

No.	Relationship
1	Contrast
2	Result
3	Reason
4	Condition
5	Contrast
6	Time
7	Purpose
8	Choice / Alternative
9	Addition
10	Time / Sequence

47. Practice Set F Answers

1. He was poor, but he was happy.
2. She did not go to school because she was ill.
3. He worked hard; therefore, he passed the exam.
4. Although he was tired, he continued working.
5. Hurry up, or you will miss the train.
6. He studies hard so that he can get good marks.
7. Unless he works hard, he will fail.
8. As soon as the teacher entered, the students became silent.
9. He went to bed after he finished dinner.
10. While he was walking, he saw an accident.
11. She is intelligent; moreover, she is hardworking.
12. Take an umbrella in case it rains.
13. He can take either tea or coffee.
14. Ravi likes neither tea nor coffee.
15. If you work hard, you will succeed.

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PART N — EXAM-ORIENTED SHORTCUTS

48. Connector पहचानने की सबसे आसान Method

अगर Meaning है...	पहले ये Connectors सोचें
और / अतिरिक्त जानकारी	and, also, moreover
लेकिन / विरोध	but, although, though, however, yet
क्योंकि / कारण	because, since, as
इसलिए / परिणाम	so, therefore, thus, hence
यदि / शर्त	if, unless, provided that
जब / समय	when, while, before, after, until
ताकि / उद्देश्य	so that, in order that
या / विकल्प	or, either...or
न तो...न	neither...nor

49. Most Important Exam Rules

• Although के साथ उसी clause में but न लगाएँ।
• Because के साथ उसी structure में so न लगाएँ।
• Unless के बाद सामान्यतः not न लगाएँ।
• Because + clause होता है।
• Because of + noun/noun phrase होता है।
• Although + clause होता है।
• Despite/In spite of + noun/gerund का प्रयोग होता है।
• If condition बताता है।
• So/therefore result बताते हैं।
• So that purpose बताता है।
• Either...or दो alternatives में choice बताता है।
• Neither...nor दोनों को negative करता है।

50. One-Line Revision