Physics - Class XII

Kirchhoff's Laws and Cells

Rules for analysing complex circuits, and how a battery drives current.

Kirchhoff's Laws

  • Junction Rule — the total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving it
  • Loop Rule — the sum of potential differences around any closed loop is zero

Cells, EMF and Internal Resistance

A cell's EMF is the maximum potential difference it can provide; its terminal voltage is slightly lower due to internal resistance.

Lesson 8 of 32
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