Physics - Class XII

Reflection and Refraction

How light bounces off surfaces and bends when passing between materials.

Reflection

The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

Refraction

When light passes between media of different refractive index, it bends — described by Snell's Law: n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂.

Note: Total internal reflection occurs when light travelling from a denser to a rarer medium hits the boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle.
Lesson 19 of 32
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